Akụkọ ngwa na ọrụ nke microscopes ịwa ahụ na neurosurgery

 

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke neurosurgery, ngwa nkemicroscopes ịwa ahụbụ akara na-agbawa obi, na-aga n'ihu site n'oge ọdịnala neurosurgical nke ịwa ahụ n'okpuru anya gba ọtọ ruo n'oge neurosurgical ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ịwa ahụ n'okpuru amikroskopu. Onye na mgbe meremicroscopes na-arụ ọrụamalite iji na neurosurgery? Kedu ọrụ nweremicroscope nke ịwa ahụna-egwuri na mmepe nke neurosurgery? Na ọganihu nke sayensị na teknụzụ, gaMikroskopu na-arụ ọrụa ga-eji ihe ndị ọzọ dị elu dochie anya? Nke a bụ ajụjụ onye ọ bụla dọkịta na-awa ahụ kwesịrị ịma ma tinye nkà na ụzụ na ngwá ọrụ kachasị ọhụrụ na ngalaba nke neurosurgery, na-akwalite ọganihu nke nkà ịwa ahụ neurosurgery.

1, The History of Microscope Ngwa na Medical Field

Na physics, anya anya ugogbe anya bụ lenses convex nwere otu nhazi nke na-enwe mmetụta na-ebuli elu, na mmụba ha nwere oke, nke a maara dị ka enyo na-ebuli elu. N'afọ 1590, ndị Dutch abụọ rụnyere efere oghere convex abụọ n'ime otu gbọmgbọm cylindrical dị gịrịgịrị, si otú ahụ mepụta ngwaọrụ na-ebuli ihe n'usoro ihe mejupụtara nke mbụ n'ụwa:mikroskopu. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na-emeziwanye nhazi nke microscope na-aga n'ihu, na mmụba na-abawanye na-aga n'ihu. N'oge ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ejikarị nke a eme ihemikroskopu mejupụtaraịhụ obere ihe owuwu nke anụmanụ na osisi, dị ka nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ. Kemgbe etiti narị afọ nke 19, a na-eji nke nta nke nta tinye enyo na-ebuli elu na microscopes n'ọrụ ọgwụ. Na mbụ, ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ na-eji ụdị ugogbe anya na-ebuli elu nwere otu oghere oghere nke enwere ike idowe n'elu àkwà mmiri nke imi maka ịwa ahụ. N'afọ 1876, dọkịta German bụ Saemisch rụrụ ịwa ahụ "microscopic" mbụ nke ụwa site na iji enyo na-ebuli ugogbe anya (ụdị ịwa ahụ amaghị). Na 1893, ụlọ ọrụ German Zeiss chepụtaramikroskopu binocular, nke a na-ejikarị maka nyocha nyocha na ụlọ nyocha ahụike, yana maka nlele nke corneal na n'ihu ụlọ ọnya na ngalaba nke ophthalmology. N'afọ 1921, dabere na nyocha ụlọ nyocha banyere ahụ anụ ahụ dị n'ime ntị anụ, onye Swedish otolaryngologist Nylen ji otu ihe edoziri anya.microscope ịwa ahụ monocularemebere ma rụpụta ya n'onwe ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ mgbasa ozi otitis na-adịghị ala ala na ụmụ mmadụ, nke bụ ezigbo microsurgery. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, dọkịta kacha elu Nylen Hlolmgren webatara amikroskopu ịwa ahụ binocularnke Zeiss rụpụtara n'ime ime ụlọ ọrụ.

Nke mbụMicroscopes na-arụ ọrụnwere ọtụtụ drawbacks, dị ka ogbenye n'ibu kwụsie ike, enweghị ike ịkwaga, ìhè nke dị iche iche axes na kpo oku nke ebumnobi oghere, warara ịwa ahụ na-ebuwanye ibu ubi, wdg Ndị a bụ ihe niile na-amachi wider ngwa nke.microscopes ịwa ahụ. N'ime afọ iri atọ na-esote, n'ihi mmekọrịta dị mma n'etiti ndị dọkịta na-awa nandị na-emepụta microscope, arụmọrụ nkemicroscopes ịwa ahụna-aga n'ihu na-akawanye mma, namicroscopes ịwa ahụ binocular, microscopes n'elu ụlọ, mbugharị anya m, coaxial ìhè isi iyi ọkụ, eletrọnịkị ma ọ bụ mmiri mgbali na-achịkwa articulated ogwe aka, akara pedal ụkwụ, na ndị ọzọ na-aga nke ọma. Na 1953, ụlọ ọrụ German Zeiss mepụtara usoro pụrụ ichemicroscopes ịwa ahụ maka otology, karịsịa maka ịwa ahụ na ọnya miri emi dị ka ntị etiti na ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ. Mgbe arụmọrụ nkemicroscopes ịwa ahụna-aga n'ihu na-akawanye mma, echiche nke ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ na-agbanwekwa mgbe niile. Dị ka ihe atụ, ndị dọkịta Germany bụ́ Zollner na Wullstein kwuru nke ahụmicroscopes ịwa ahụA ghaghị iji ya mee ihe maka ịwa ahụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ tympanic. Kemgbe 1950s, ndị dọkịta anya ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ gbanwee omume nke iji naanị microscopes maka nyocha anya wee webata.microscopes otosurgicaln'ime ophthalmic ịwa ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ,Mikroskopu na-arụ ọrụejirila ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ngalaba otology na ophthalmology.

2. Ngwa nke ịwa ahụ microscope na neurosurgery

N'ihi akpanwa nke neurosurgery, ngwa nkemicroscopes ịwa ahụ na neurosurgerydị ntakịrị ka e mesịrị karịa na otology na ophthalmology, na neurosurgeons na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-amụta nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ a. N'oge ahụ, ndịiji microscopes ịwa ahụbụ tumadi na Europe. Ọkachamara ophthalmologist nke America bụ Perrit bu ụzọ webataramicroscopes ịwa ahụsite na Europe ruo United States na 1946, na-atọ ntọala maka ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ America ijiMicroscopes na-arụ ọrụ.

Site n'ihe gbasara ịsọpụrụ uru ndụ mmadụ bara, teknụzụ ọhụrụ ọ bụla, akụrụngwa, ma ọ bụ ngwa eji eme ahụ mmadụ kwesịrị ịnwe nnwale anụmanụ mbụ na ọzụzụ teknụzụ maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Na 1955, American neurosurgeon Malis jiri amikroskopu ịwa ahụ binocular. Kurze, bụ́ dọkịta na-awa ahụ akwara na Mahadum Southern California dị na United States, nọrọ otu afọ mụta usoro ịwa ahụ nke iji microscope n'ụlọ nyocha mgbe ọ hụchara ịwa ntị n'okpuru microscope. N'August 1957, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ịwa ahụ nke neuroma nke ọma n'ahụ nwatakịrị dị afọ 5 site na iji ọgwụ mgbochi.microscope ịwa ahụ ntị, nke bụ ịwa ahụ microsurgical mbụ n'ụwa. N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, Kurze mere nke ọma n'ihu nwa ahụ na-eji amicroscope nke ịwa ahụ, na mgbake nwa ahụ dị mma. Nke a bụ ịwa ahụ microsurgical nke abụọ n'ụwa. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Kurze ji ụgbọ ala ebuMicroscopes na-arụ ọrụn'ebe dị iche iche maka microsurgical neurosurgery, na ike kwadoro ijimicroscopes ịwa ahụndị dọkịta na-awa neurosurgeons ndị ọzọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Kurze jiri amicroscope nke ịwa ahụ(ọ dị nwute, o bipụtaghị akụkọ ọ bụla). Site na nkwado nke onye ọrịa trigeminal neuralgia ọ na-emeso ya, o guzobere ụlọ nyocha neurosurgery mbụ nke micro skull nke ụwa na 1961. Anyị kwesịrị icheta mgbe niile onyinye Kurze na microsurgery ma mụta ihe site na obi ike ya ịnakwere nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na echiche ọhụrụ. Otú ọ dị, ruo ná mmalite 1990s, ụfọdụ ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ na China anabataghịMicroscopes neurosurgerymaka ịwa ahụ. Nke a abụghị nsogbu naMikroskopu neurosurgeryn'onwe ya, mana nsogbu na nghọta echiche nke neurosurgeons.

Na 1958, American neurosurgeon Donaghy guzobere nyocha microsurgery mbụ na ụlọ nyocha ọzụzụ na Burlington, Vermont. N'oge mmalite, ọ zutere mgbagwoju anya na nsogbu ego site n'aka ndị isi ya. Na agụmakwụkwọ, ọ na-eche mgbe niile igbutu arịa ọbara cortical mepere emepe iji wepụ thrombi ozugbo n'aka ndị ọrịa nwere thrombosis cerebral. Ya mere, ya na dọkịta na-awa ahụ vaskụla Jacobson jikọrọ aka na nyocha anụmanụ na ụlọ ọgwụ. N'oge ahụ, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke anya gba ọtọ, ọ bụ naanị obere arịa ọbara nwere dayameta nke 7-8 millimeters ma ọ bụ karịa nwere ike sutured. Iji nweta anastomosis nke arịa ọbara ka mma, Jacobson buru ụzọ nwaa iji ụdị iko na-ebuli elu. N’oge na-adịghị anya, o chetara iji otumicroscope nke ịwa ahụ otolaryngologymaka ịwa ahụ mgbe ọ bụ dibịa bi. Ya mere, site n'enyemaka nke Zeiss na Germany, Jacobson chepụtara microscope ịwa ahụ nke onye na-arụ ọrụ abụọ.Diploscope) maka anastomosis vaskụla, nke na-enye ndị dọkịta na-awa abụọ ohere ịwa ahụ n'otu oge. Mgbe ọtụtụ nnwale anụmanụ gasịrị, Jacobson bipụtara otu akụkọ banyere microsurgical anastomosis nke nkịta na akwara ndị na-abụghị carotid (1960), yana ọnụego patency 100% nke anastomosis vaskụla. Nke a bụ akwụkwọ ahụike na-agbawa obi metụtara microsurgical neurosurgery na ịwa ahụ vaskụla. Jacobson chekwara ọtụtụ ngwa microsurgical, dị ka mkpa micro, ihe njide agịga, na aka obere ngwa. N'afọ 1960, Donaghy rụrụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ọkpụkpụ thrombectomy nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ.microscope nke ịwa ahụmaka onye ọrịa nwere thrombosis cerebral. Rhoton si United States malitere ịmụ gbasara ụbụrụ ụbụrụ n'okpuru microscope na 1967, na-asụ ụzọ ọhụrụ ngalaba nke microsurgical anatomy ma na-enye aka dị ukwuu na mmepe nke microsurgery. N'ihi uru nkemicroscopes ịwa ahụna nkwalite nke ngwa microsurgical, ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-awa na-enwe mmasị ijimicroscopes ịwa ahụmaka ịwa ahụ. Ma bipụtakwara ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasara usoro microsurgical.

3, Ngwa nke ịwa ahụ microscope na neurosurgery na China

Dị ka onye mba China si mba ofesi na Japan, Prọfesọ Du Ziwei nyere ụlọ mbụmicroscope neurosurgicalna ndị metụtara yangwa microsurgicalgaa na Neurosurgery Department of Suzhou Medical College Affiliated Hospital (ugbu a Neurosurgery Department of Suzhou University Affiliated First Hospital) na 1972. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na China, o bu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ microsurgical dị ka intracranial aneurysms na meningiomas. Mgbe ịmụta banyere e nweremicroscopes neurosurgicalna ngwá ọrụ microsurgical, Prọfesọ Zhao Yadu sitere na ngalaba Neurosurgery nke ụlọ ọgwụ Beijing Yiwu gara leta Prọfesọ Du Ziwei si Suzhou Medical College iji hụ na ojiji nkemicroscopes ịwa ahụ. Prọfesọ Shi Yuquan sitere na ụlọ ọgwụ Shanghai Huashan n'onwe ya gara na ngalaba Prọfesọ Du Ziwei ka ọ hụ usoro microsurgical. N'ihi ya, a ife nke iwebata, mmụta, na ngwa nkeMicroscopes neurosurgerykpalitere n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ akwara na China, na-akara mmalite nke micro neurosurgery China.

4. Mmetụta nke Microsurgery Surgery

N'ihi ojiji nkemicroscopes neurosurgical, ịwa ahụ nke a na-apụghị iji anya gba ọtọ mee ya ga-ekwe omume n'okpuru ọnọdụ mmụba nke ugboro 6-10. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịwa ahụ pituitary tumor site na ethmoidal sinus nwere ike ịchọpụta ma wepụ etuto pituitary n'enweghị nsogbu ma na-echebe gland pituitary nkịtị; Ịwa ahụ nke a na-apụghị iji anya gba ọtọ rụọ nwere ike ịghọ ịwa ahụ ka mma, dị ka etuto ụbụrụ ụbụrụ na ụbụrụ intramedullary. Ọkammụta Wang Zhongcheng nwere ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke 10.7% maka ịwa ahụ nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ tupu o jiri ọgwụ.microscope nke neurosurgery. Mgbe ejiri microscope mee ihe na 1978, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ belatara ruo 3.2%. Ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke ịwa ahụ na-adịghị mma nke ụbụrụ arteriovenous n'ejighị amicroscope nke ịwa ahụbụ 6.2%, na mgbe 1984 gasịrị, site na iji amicroscopes neurosurgery, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ gbadara ruo 1.6%. Ojiji nkemicroscope nke neurosurgeryna-enye ohere ka a gwọọ etuto pituitary site na ụzọ transnasal transsphenoidal dị ntakịrị na-enweghị mkpa craniotomy, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ịwa ahụ site na 4.7% ruo 0.9%. Mmezu nke nsonaazụ ndị a agaghị ekwe omume n'okpuru ịwa ahụ anya nke ọdịnala, yabụmicroscopes ịwa ahụbụ ihe nnọchianya nke neurosurgery ọgbara ọhụrụ ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime akụrụngwa ịwa ahụ dị mkpa na nke a na-apụghị dochie anya na neurosurgery ọgbara ọhụrụ.